{"id":1936,"date":"2025-05-06T09:33:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T02:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biocharvietnam.org\/?p=1936"},"modified":"2025-07-04T16:43:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T09:43:41","slug":"nong-dan-dak-lak-hoc-lam-than-sinh-hoc-tu-vo-cacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biocharvietnam.org\/vi\/nong-dan-dak-lak-hoc-lam-than-sinh-hoc-tu-vo-cacao\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m than sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1ecf cacao"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i EaKar, huy\u1ec7n tr\u1ed3ng cacao l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, \u0111ang th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m than sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m cacao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi b\u00e1n t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 3\/2025, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean – Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ebfn EaKar (x\u00e3 C\u01b0 Ni, huy\u1ec7n Ea Kar, \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k) c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong huy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m than sinh h\u1ecdc theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “Kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cacao”,<\/strong><\/em> do Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. V\u1edbi 80 h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng cacao 120 ha, H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ebfn EaKar c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 c\u00e0nh, l\u00e1, v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 cacao, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n.\u00a0Than sinh h\u1ecdc (biochar) t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n (\u1ee7 n\u00f3ng) v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt oxy. “Than sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2<\/sub>“, \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

\"\u00d4ng<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean, Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ebfn EaKar, t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn cacao, x\u00e3 C\u01b0 Ni, huy\u1ec7n EaKar, \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, ng\u00e0y 13\/3. \u1ea2nh:\u00a0Th\u1ee7y Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 3.400 ha di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng cacao t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2023, t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i ba v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. Ea Kar l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng cacao l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 750 ha. T\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed7i 1 ha thu ho\u1ea1ch 24-25 t\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3 cacao. V\u1ecf cacao chi\u1ebfm 80% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sau ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 4-6 t\u1ea5n. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a EU, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biochar v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t theo x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i v\u1ecf cacao, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m biochar t\u1ea1i HTX Nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2m (x\u00e3 Ea \u0110ar, huy\u1ec7n Ea Kar) t\u1eeb c\u00e0nh, l\u00e1, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea… cho ra than sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\"TS<\/picture>TS V\u0169 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, Vi\u1ec7n M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng inox ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m biochar, t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 Ea \u0110ar, huy\u1ec7n Ea Kar, \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, ng\u00e0y 13\/3. \u1ea2nh:\u00a0Th\u1ee7y Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
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Theo quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m biochar, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 trong 3 n\u1eafng (\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f2n 14-15%), r\u1ed3i ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o 12 th\u00f9ng inox, b\u1ecf l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i biochar, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u00f3m l\u1eeda trong ch\u1ee5c ph\u00fat, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eady l\u00f2, ch\u1edd trong 48 gi\u1edd.\u00a0“T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n ph\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 400-500 kg than sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ea5n CO2<\/sub>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng”, TS. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Qu\u1ed1c gia Helvetas Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, cho bi\u1ebft.\u00a0Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m biochar trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 – 15.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i kg, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (1.000 – 2.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t \u1edf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n sinh kh\u00f3i, b\u1ee5i trong ch\u1ee5c ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>, CO v\u00e0 methane (CH4<\/sub>) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 d\u01b0\u1edbi 500o<\/sup>C, TS Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft C\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u00f3i quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh kh\u00ed si\u00eau \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m N2<\/sub>O (v\u1ed1n sinh ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 1.000o<\/sup>C).<\/p>\n

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\"M\u1ed9t<\/picture><\/div>\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m than sinh h\u1ecdc (biochar) t\u1eeb v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 cacao, m\u1eafc ca, c\u00e0nh, l\u00e1 sau th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 Ea \u0110ar, huy\u1ec7n Ea Kar, \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, ng\u00e0y 13\/3. \u1ea2nh: Th\u1ee7y Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f3n c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, than sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1ecf cacao c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.\u00a0<\/strong>Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n 200 USD m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang “kh\u00e1t” biochar, do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa k\u1ef3 2030, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 (Net Zero) trong v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon (CDR) ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef CO2<\/sub> trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cung qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng cao, khi 62% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung biochar n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, theo chuy\u00ean trang Carbon Credits. N\u0103m 2023, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100-200 USD m\u1ed7i t\u00edn ch\u1ec9, trong khi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 5,8 USD.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 mua b\u00e1n biochar tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean<\/strong> mua<\/td>\nB\u00ean b\u00e1n<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u1ea5n)<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian b\u00e0n giao<\/td>\nGi\u00e1 (USD\/t\u1ea5n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Google<\/td>\nVahara (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9)<\/td>\n90.718<\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc 2030<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Goole<\/td>\nCharm Industrial (M\u1ef9)<\/td>\n100.000<\/td>\n2030<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NextGen<\/td>\nExomad Green (Bolivia)<\/td>\nn\/a<\/td>\nt\u1eeb 2025<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Microsoft<\/td>\nExomad Green (Bolivia)<\/td>\n32.000<\/td>\ntr\u01b0\u1edbc 6\/2024<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Microsoft<\/td>\nThe Next 150 (Mexico\/M\u1ef9 Latin)<\/td>\n95.000<\/td>\nh\u01a1n 6 n\u0103m<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swiss Re<\/td>\nExomad Green (Bolivia)<\/td>\n70.000<\/td>\nh\u01a1n 7 n\u0103m<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

“N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, biochar c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO2<\/sub> m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050″, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon Verra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n biochar lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon n\u00e0o trong m\u1ea3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ed3m biochar. M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon c\u1ea7n quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u00e3i sau khi tr\u1eeb chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u00e0m b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1eedi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp (Verra, Gold Standards). Sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u1eed b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p t\u00edn ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

Than sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 15.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i kg. \u00d4ng Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 1 ha tr\u1ed3ng cacao t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 C\u01b0 Ni v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1edd xem hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1edbi 400 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00e2y cacao v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi 15 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng mua l\u00f2 l\u00e0m biochar, n\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biochar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 trong H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 Nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2m (x\u00e3 Ea \u0110ar) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n. B\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ed3ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, n\u00f3i \u0111ang l\u00e0m th\u00eam th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m cacao.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh biochar t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb v\u1ecf l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1edbi r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 \u1edf S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft NDC (qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Net Zero v\u00e0o 2050, theo TS. Qu\u1ef3nh.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Tin b\u00e0i B\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed VnExpress<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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